Laparoscopic Versus Open Nephrectomy : Clinical Effectivness and Cost Analysis

Who May Qualify: - American Society of Anesthesiology score 1-3. - Indication for : - Simple total nephrectomy or hemi nephrectomy: benign chronic inflammatory non-functioning kidney - Partial nephrectomy: localized renal mass ≤7 cm suitable for nephron-sparing surgery. - Radical nephrectomy or Radical nephrouretrectomy with bladder cuff: localized renal tumor requiring complete nephrectomy without major vascular invasion. - Patient deemed fit for general anesthesia and surgery. - Patient provides written willing to sign a consent form. Who Should NOT Join This Trial: - emergency surgery, dialysis-dependent patients, planned hybrid procedures. - Patients with incomplete data - Patients with metastatic disease at presentation. - Prior extensive ipsilateral retroperitoneal surgery or severe adhesions precluding Laparoscopy. - Need for concomitant major procedures (eg, large bowel resection) at index operation. - Locally advanced tumor with obvious major vascular involvement requiring complex vascular reconstruction. - Uncorrected coagulopathy. - Pregnancy or Obese patient (BMI \> 40) - Inability to provide willing to sign a consent form or comply with follow-up. Always talk to your doctor about whether this trial is right for you.