RECRUITINGINTERVENTIONAL

Expression of Genes Relating Hypertension and Efficacy of 4-7-8 Breathing Control on Reducing Blood Pressure

Expression of Genes Relating Hypertension in Thailand and the Efficacy of 4-7-8 Breathing Control on Reducing Blood Pressure in Individuals With Hypertension

About This Trial

This study consists of two sub-studies. Study 1 investigates gene expression related to the development of hypertension in Thailand, and Study 2 examines the effectiveness of the 4-7-8 breathing technique in reducing blood pressure in individuals with hypertension.

Who May Be Eligible (Plain English)

Study 1: 1. Group of individuals with hypertension Who May Qualify: - Male or female - Aged between 18-59 years - Of Thai ethnicity - Diagnosed with hypertension, defined as having an SBP of 140 mmHg or higher, or a DBP of 90 mmHg or higher, or having previously been diagnosed with hypertension and currently taking antihypertensive medication - Originally from various regions of Thailand and currently residing in the eastern region Who Should NOT Join This Trial: - Has heart disease, such as valvular stenosis or regurgitation, coronary artery disease, or heart failure - Has obesity, defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m² or higher - Has a fever or is currently experiencing an infectious disease, such as COVID-19, the flu, or other infections 2. Group of individuals with normal blood pressure Who May Qualify: - Male or female - Aged between 18-59 years - Of Thai ethnicity - Does not have hypertension, defined as having an SBP below 130 mmHg and a DBP below 85 mmHg, with no prior diagnosis of hypertension and no history of taking antihypertensive medication - Originally from various regions of Thailand and currently residing in the eastern region Who Should NOT Join This Trial: - Has heart disease, such as valvular stenosis or regurgitation, coronary artery disease, or heart failure - Has obesity, defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m² or higher - Has a fever or is currently experiencing an infectious disease, such as COVID-19, the flu, or other infections Study 2: Who May Qualify: - Male or female, aged 35-59 years - Diagnosed with hypertension, with blood pressure levels above the normal range, defined as SBP of 130 mmHg or higher, or DBP of 85 mmHg or higher, and currently taking medication - Originally from various regions of Thailand and currently residing in the eastern region - Able to communicate effectively Who Should NOT Join This Trial: ...See full criteria on ClinicalTrials.gov Always talk to your doctor about whether this trial is right for you.

Original Eligibility Criteria

View original clinical language

Study 1: 1. Group of individuals with hypertension Inclusion Criteria: * Male or female * Aged between 18-59 years * Of Thai ethnicity * Diagnosed with hypertension, defined as having an SBP of 140 mmHg or higher, or a DBP of 90 mmHg or higher, or having previously been diagnosed with hypertension and currently taking antihypertensive medication * Originally from various regions of Thailand and currently residing in the eastern region Exclusion Criteria: * Has heart disease, such as valvular stenosis or regurgitation, coronary artery disease, or heart failure * Has obesity, defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m² or higher * Has a fever or is currently experiencing an infectious disease, such as COVID-19, the flu, or other infections 2. Group of individuals with normal blood pressure Inclusion Criteria: * Male or female * Aged between 18-59 years * Of Thai ethnicity * Does not have hypertension, defined as having an SBP below 130 mmHg and a DBP below 85 mmHg, with no prior diagnosis of hypertension and no history of taking antihypertensive medication * Originally from various regions of Thailand and currently residing in the eastern region Exclusion Criteria: * Has heart disease, such as valvular stenosis or regurgitation, coronary artery disease, or heart failure * Has obesity, defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m² or higher * Has a fever or is currently experiencing an infectious disease, such as COVID-19, the flu, or other infections Study 2: Inclusion Criteria: * Male or female, aged 35-59 years * Diagnosed with hypertension, with blood pressure levels above the normal range, defined as SBP of 130 mmHg or higher, or DBP of 85 mmHg or higher, and currently taking medication * Originally from various regions of Thailand and currently residing in the eastern region * Able to communicate effectively Exclusion Criteria: * Has respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular disease, kidney disease, cancer, or immune-related conditions such as allergies, autoimmune diseases (e.g., SLE), immunodeficiency, or rheumatoid arthritis * Is obese, defined as having a body mass index (BMI) of 30 kg/m² or higher * Has a fever or is currently infected, such as with COVID-19, the flu, or other infectious diseases * Is currently pregnant, breastfeeding, or has a history of pregnancy within the 6 months prior to participating in the study

Treatments Being Tested

OTHER

Study 2: deep breathing

Participants in the deep breathing group will be randomized to receive a diaphragmatic deep breathing program. They will be instructed to practice deep breathing at a rate of 6-10 breaths per minute for 15 minutes, twice daily, every day for a duration of 3 months.

OTHER

Study 2: 4-7-8 breathing

Participants in the 4-7-8 breathing group will be randomized to receive a 4-7-8 breathing program. They will follow the 4-7-8 breathing training program, which involves inhaling for 4 seconds, holding the breath for 7 seconds, and exhaling for 8 seconds, counted as one cycle. This pattern is to be repeated for 6 cycles to complete one set. They will perform 12 sets per day-6 sets in the morning and 6 sets in the evening-with normal breathing between each set. This routine will be carried out daily for a duration of 3 months.

OTHER

Study 2: slow breathing with device

Participants in the slow breathing with device group will be randomized to receive a slow breathing with device. They will undergo deep breathing training using a resistance-based breathing device called BreathMax, set at 25% of their maximal inspiratory pressure. The breathing rate will be 6 breaths per minute, continuously for 15 minutes, twice a day. This routine will be performed daily for a duration of 3 months.

Locations (1)

Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University

MueangChonburi, Changwat Chon Buri, Thailand