PEPPI Study: Identification of Women at Risk for Placental Dysfunction

Mothers Inclusion Criteria for PEPPI-study - Pregnant (first trimester) - Understands Finnish - ≥18 years - Signed willing to sign a consent form Exclusion Criteria - Multiple pregnancy - Miscarriage/termination of the index pregnancy - No first trimester blood sampling Inclusion Criteria for FERPPI-study - Participates in PEPPI-study (criteria above) - Blood samples at first and third trimester of pregnancy - Permits blood sampling from the umbilical cord when the baby is born Exclusion Criteria - No first or third trimester blood sampling - No umbilical cord blood sample after baby is born Fathers Inclusion Criteria - Biological father to the child born for the mother who participated in PEPPI study - ≥18 years - Signed willing to sign a consent form Exclusion Criteria • Does not understand Finnish Children Inclusion Criteria for PEPPI-study - Born to mother who participated in PEPPI study - Signed willing to sign a consent form from parent(s) Exclusion Criteria • No consent from parent(s) Inclusion Criteria for PEPPI-offspring study • Mother in risk-, control-, or PCOS group during PEPPI-study with ultrasound information at gestational weeks 30-32 or a mother who developed pre-eclampsia during the pregnancy regardless of their study group during PEPPI-study Exclusion Criteria • Mother/father declines participation Inclusion Criteria for FERPPI-study - Signed willing to sign a consent form from parent(s) - Mother has blood samples taken at first and third trimester (iron status) - Child has blood samples taken at birth and at 3 months of age Exclusion Criteria - No consent from parent(s) - No blood samples from mother - No blood samples from child Always talk to your doctor about whether this trial is right for you.