A Deep Longitudinal Analysis of Next Generation Influenza Vaccines in Older Adults

Inclusion Criteria: * Able to speak and read English * Male or Female, 65 years and older by date of enrollment * Weight of 110 lbs or greater * Has received influenza vaccine in the past seasons without severe adverse reactions * Willing to receive an FDA-approved age-appropriate and CDC-recommended influenza vaccine for each of the 2022-23, 2023-24, and 2024-25 influenza seasons * Willing to withhold all other vaccinations 2 weeks prior and 2 weeks after flu vaccination for the 2022-23, 2023-24, and 2024-25 influenza seasons * Willing and available to participate in 19 study visits over three years around influenza vaccination * Willing to provide blood samples at sixteen visits over three years * Willing to agree to genomic testing of samples and sharing of de-identified genomic data generated from samples at the conclusion of the research Exclusion Criteria: * Received any vaccine (shingles, pneumococcal, COVID, etc.) within 2 weeks of anticipated flu vaccination for the 2022-23, 2023-24, and 2024-25 influenza seasons. * Has already received an influenza vaccine for the approaching influenza season (2022-23) * Has known allergy to eggs or any component of the flu vaccine. \[Although the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) has concluded that a history of anaphylactic/anaphylactoid or severe allergic reaction to eggs should no longer be considered a contraindication to vaccination with any age-appropriate vaccine, for the purposes of this research study we elected to exclude individuals with these allergies\] * History of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) * Body temperature greater than 100.3°F (38°C) on date of vaccination or within 2 days prior to vaccination by participant report (study entry may be delayed to meet this requirement) * Rockwood Frailty Index score of \>0.21 * Known history of any of the following co-morbid conditions: * Chronic or recent (within past 2 months) infection requiring oral or intravenous antibiotics, antifungals, or antivirals * Cancer other than basal cell carcinoma requiring active surgical or medical treatment (chemotherapy or radiation therapy) * Congestive Heart Failure * Ischemic Heart Disease * Congenital abnormalities (PI to evaluate) * Paget's disease * Renal failure requiring ongoing dialysis * Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, or asthma * Severe autoimmune disease requiring biological therapy * Diabetes mellitus requiring insulin * Use of medicines during past 6 months known to alter immune response such as high-dose corticosteroids (≥ 10 mg/day of prednisone or equivalent) * HIV, AIDS or other immunodeficiency disorders * Recent (≤ 3 months) severe trauma or major surgery (PI to evaluate) * Current substance and/or alcohol abuse * Patients currently residing in the Department of Correction * Inability to comply with the protocol requirements * Any other condition that, in the opinion of the PI, might interfere with study objectives