Trial Evaluating the Tailored Versus the Systematic Use of Defunctioning Stoma After Total Mesorectal Excision for Rectal Cancer (GRECCAR17)

Inclusion Criteria: * Age 18-80 years; * Rectal adenocarcinoma (histologically proven) * No metastasis or medical history of colorectal metastasis (M0) * Patients with rectal cancer \< 12 cm from the anal verge (determined by rectal examination or MRI) * Patients operated on by mini-invasive TME (laparoscopic, robotic or TaTME); * With or without neo adjuvant treatment * Realize a stapling anastomosis \< 7 cm from the anal verge (determined by rectal examination or MRI) * Patients with expected defunctioning ileostomy * Appropriate hematologic function: hemoglobin ≥ 10.5 g/dL, leukocytes \> 4000/mm3, blood platelets \> 100,000/mm3); * Appropriate renal function (serum creatinine \< 15 mg/dL); * Effective contraception of childbearing age : Male patients and premenopausal women should agree to use two medically validated contraceptive methods (one for the patient et one for the partner) during the study * Patient affiliated or beneficiary to a health security system; * Patient and doctor have signed informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * Patients with rectal cancer requiring TME surgery with handsewn anastomosis; * Patients operated on by open approach; * Previous pelvic irradiation for reasons other than rectal cancer * Concomitant cancer or medical history of cancer within 5 years other than cancers treated in situ (cervical carcinoma or basocellular carcinoma or spinocellular carcinoma) * Patients with expected defunctioning colostomy; * Patients with perforated rectal cancer or preoperative pelvic sepsis; * Patients with inflammatory bowel disease and/or bowel obstruction, * Patients operated on in emergency; * Patients with poor nutrition (Albumin \< 34 g/L, pre-Alb \< 0.14 g/L) * Patients with extended-TME or pelvic exenteration (prostate); * Patients with history of heart or vascular ischemia; * Severe heart disease or congestive heart disease; * Patients with immunodeficiency and/or under corticotherapy; * Severe lung disease or respiratory failure; * Severe kidney disease; * Previous disease or disability expected to influence the assessment of postoperative QOL; * Pregnancy or breast feeding; * Persons deprived of liberty or under guardianship (curatorship or tutorship) or incapable of giving consent; * Any psychological, familial, sociological or geographical condition potentially hampering compliance with the study protocol or follow-up scheduled.